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0009922807307871v1
47/3/224    most recent
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First published on December 5, 2007, doi:10.1177/0009922807307871

Clinical Pediatrics 2008;47:224.

A more recent version of this article appeared on April 1, 2008

Article

Childhood Epilepsy With Occipital Paroxysms: Variations on the Theme

Eli Shahar none* and Jacob Genizi, MD

Rambam Medical Center

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: e_shahar{at}rambam.health.gov.il.


  Abstract
This review reports on the various presentations as well as new revealed data relating to the epileptic disorder defined as childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms characterized by occipital epileptic discharges recorded by electroencephalography. The initial rigidly delineated subtypes by the International League Against Epilepsy included the following:(a) Panayiotopoulos syndrome—early-onset seizure disorder presenting with prolonged infrequent, nocturnal autonomic seizures, accompanied by eye deviation and ictal vomiting. (b) Gastaut syndrome—late-onset type presenting with short diurnal frequent seizures and visual ictal manifestations along with migrainous headaches. A high percentage of children present, however, with mixed clinical phenomena making it difficult to comply with the rigidly segregated syndromes reported by several authorities including our recent report on 28 children of whom 14 showed mixed phenomena. Therefore, childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysm should be suspected at any age presenting with nocturnal vomiting, autonomic impairment, focal motor fits with head deviation, migraine headaches, and/or visual perturbations.


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