|
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
Probiotics in Primary Care Pediatrics
Michael D. Cabana, MD, MPH
Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases and Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
Andi L. Shane, MD, MPH
Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
Cewin Chao, MS, RD
General Clinical Research Center, University of Michigan Health System
Maria Oliva-Hemker, MD
Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
Probiotics are live microorganisms that help stabilize and balance intestinal microflora. Although these organisms are ubiquitous and have been used in the production of foods, probiotics have been used more frequently for therapeutic purposes, including the treatment and prevention of pediatric diseases. This article reviews the proposed mechanisms of the beneficial effects of probiotics, potential uses of these organisms in pediatric care, and promising future directions for their application.
References
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO). Health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria. FAO and WHO Joint and Expert Committee Report. 2001. Web site: ftp://ftp.fao.org/es/esn/food/probioreporten.pdf. Accessed December 26, 2005.
- Gibson GR, Robertroid MB. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: intorducing the concept of prebiotics. J Nutr. 1995;125:1401-1412.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Ghisolfi J, Roberfroid M, Rigo J, et al. Infant formula supplemented with probiotics or prebiotics. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2002;35:467-469.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Lilly DM, Stillwell RH. Probiotics: growth promoting factors produced by microorganisms. Science. 1965;147: 747-748.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Tissier H. Tritement des infections intestinales par la methode de translormation de la flore bacterienne de l’intestin. C R Soc Biol. 1906;60:359-361.
- Alvarez-Olmos MI, Oberhelman RA. Probiotic agents and infectious diseases. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32:1567-1576.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Land MH, Rouster-Steven K, Woods DR, et al. Lactobacillus sepsis associated with probiotic therapy. Pediatrics. 2005;115:178-181.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Fedorak RN, Madsen KL. Probiotics and prebiotics in gastrointestinal disorders. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2004;20:146-155.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Duggan C, Gannon J, Waker WA. Protective nutrients and functional foods for the gastrointestinal tract. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;75:789-808.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Vanderhoof JA, Young RJ. Probiotics in Pediatrics. Pediatrics. 2002;109:956-958.[Free Full Text]
- Hill GB, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK. Bacteriology of the vagina. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1984;86:23-39.
- Borriello SP, Hommes WP, Holzapfel W, et al. Safety of probiotics that contain Lactobacilli or Bifidobacteria. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36:775-780.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Mackay AD, Taylor MB, Kibbler CC, Hamilton-Miller JM. Lactobacillus endocarditis caused by a probiotic organism. Clin Microbiol Infect. 1999;5: 290-292.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Rautio M, Jousimies-Somer H, Kauma H, et al. Liver abscess due to a Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain indistinguishable from a L rhamnosus strain GG. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;28:1159-1160.[Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Borriello SP, Hammes WP, Holzapfel W, et al. Safety of probiotics that contain lactobacilli or Bifidobacteria. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;26:775-780.
- De Groote MA, Frank DN, Dowell E, et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG bacteremia associated with probiotic use in a child with short gut syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005;24:3:278-279.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Sartor RB. Probiotic therapy of intestinal inflammation and infections. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2004;21:44-50.
- Van Niel CW, Feudtner C, Garrison MM, Christakis DA. Lactobacillus therapy for acute infectious diarrhea in children: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2002;109(4):678-684.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Szajewska H, Mrukowicz J. Probiotics in the treatment and prevention of acute infectious diarrhea in infants and children: a systematic review of published randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2001;33:S17-S25.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Nazarian LF, Berman JH, Brown G, et al. American Academy of Pediatrics, Provisional Committee on Quality Improvement, Subcommittee on Acute Gastroenteritis. Practice parameter: the management of acute gastroenteritis in young children. Pediatrics. 1996;97:424-435.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Rosenfeldt V, Michaelsen KF, Jakobsen M, et al. Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus strains on acute diarrhea in a cohort of nonhospitalized children attending day-care centers. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002;21(5):417-419.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Teitelbaum JE. Probiotics and the treatment of infectious diarrhea. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005;24:267-268.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Vanderhoof JA, Whitney DB, Antonson DL, et al. Lactobacillus GG in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children. J Pediatr. 1999; 135(5):564-568.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Bartlett JG. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(5):334-339.[Free Full Text]
- Biller JA, Katz AJ, Flores AF, et al. Treatment of C. difficile colitis with Lactobacillus GG. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1995;21:224-226.[Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Harmsen HJ, Wildeboer-Veloo AC, Raangs GC, et al. Analysis of intestinal flora development in breast-fed and formula-fed infants by using molecular identification and detection methods. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2000;30:61-67.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Blakey JL, Lutitz L, Barnes GL, et al. Development of gut colonisation in preterm neonates. J Med Microbiol. 1982;15:519-529.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Lin HC, Su BH, Chen AC, et al. Oral probiotics reduce the incidence and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2005;115:1-4.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Venturi A, Gionchetti P, Rizzello F, et al. Impact on the composition of the faecal flora by a new probiotic preparation: preliminary data on maintenance treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1999;13:1103-1108.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Gionchett P, Rizzello F, Helwig U, et al. Prophylaxis of pouchitis onset with probiotic therapy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology. 2003;124:2303-2309.
- Schultz M, Schölmerich J, Rath HC. Rationale for probiotic and antibiotic treatment strategies in inflammatory bowel diseases. Dig Dis Sci. 2003; 21:105-128.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Gupta P, Andrew H, Kirschner BS, Guandalini S. Is Lactobacillus GG helpful in children with Crohn’s disease? J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2000;31:453-457.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Reid G, Bruce AW, Fraser N, et al. Oral probiotics can resolve urogenital infections. Immunol Med Microbiol. 2001;30:49-52.
- Gerasimov SV. Probiotic prophylaxis in pediatric recurrent urinary tract infections. Clin Pediatr. 2004;43:95-98.[Free Full Text]
- Saikali J, Picard C, Freitas M, Holt P. Fermented milks, probiotic cultures, and colon cancer. Nutr Cancer. 2004;49:14-24.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Rafter JJ. Scientific basis of biomarkers and benefits of functional foods for reduction of disease risk: cancer. Br J Nutr. 2002;88(Suppl 2):S219-S224.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Viljanen M, Savilahti E, Haahtela T, et al. Probiotics in the treatment of atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome in infants: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Allergy. 2005;60:494-500.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Kirjavainen PV, Salminen SJ, Isolauri E. Probiotic bacteria in the management of atopic disease: underscoring the importance of viability. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2003;36:223-227.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Crane J. Asthma and allergic diseases: is there a downside to cleanliness? Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002;56:s39-s43.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Rautava S, Kalliomaki M, Isolauri E. Probiotics during pregnancy and breast-feeding might confer immunomodulatory protection against atopic disease in the infant. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002;109:119-121.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Kalliomaki M, Salminen S, Poussa T, et al. Probiotics and prevention of atopic disease: 4-year follow-up of a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2003;361:1869-1871.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
Clinical Pediatrics, Vol. 45, No. 5,
405-410 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0009922806289614
 CiteULike  Complore  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Digg  Reddit  Technorati  Twitter What's this?
|
|
