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A Child With Primary Sjögren Syndrome and a Review of the Literature

Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey, mcivilibal{at}gmail.com or drcivilibal{at}hotmail.com

Nur Canpolat, MD

Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey

Ayse Yurt, MD

Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey

Sebuh Kurugoglu, MD

Department of Radiology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey

Sibel Erdamar, MD

Department of Pathology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey

Onur Bagci, MD

Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey

Lale Sever, MD

Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey

Ozgur Kasapcopur, MD

Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey

Salim Caliskan, MD

Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey

Nil Arisoy, MD

Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey

Primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) is an uncommon disease in childhood. Childhood pSS might have different clinical manifestations than adult pSS. We describe a 13-year-old girl with multiple episodes of bilateral parotid swelling lasting 2 years. Her history included severe arthralgia, local edema, and purpura episodes since 9 years of age. During her 3-week hospitalization, 2 episodes of parotid swelling occurred, which both resolved in 48 hours. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance images of parotid glands showed parenchymal inhomogeneity related to adipose degeneration and nodular pattern. Investigations showed elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the presence of hypergammaglobulinemia, positive antinuclear antibody, and elevated rheumatoid factor, anti—Sjögren syndrome antigen A, and anti—Sjögren syndrome antigen B. Histopathologic examination of labial minor salivary glands revealed focal periductal lymphocytic infiltrate and sialoduct ectasia. She was diagnosed as having pSS. Recurrent parotid swelling is a more characteristic feature of disease in children, and this finding should alert the clinician to the possible diagnosis of pSS.

Key Words: Sjögren syndrome • recurrent parotid swelling • child • minor salivary gland biopsy

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