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Feeding, Medical Factors, and Developmental Outcome in Premature Infants

Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, 6431 Fannin, Houston, Texas 77030

Cynthia L. Miller-Loncar, PhD

Susan H. Landry, PhD

Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas

Karen E. Smith, PhD

Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

Paul R. Swank, PhD

Department of Educational Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas

Susan E. Denson, MD

Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas

This is a prospective, longitudinal study of premature infants investigating whether the length of time needed to reach full enteral feedings (F_EF) or full nipple feedings (F_NF) is related to medical complications and/or developmental outcome at 24 months corrected age. Premature infants (n=161) from three institutions with birth weights less than 1,600 grams were followed up from birth to 24 months corrected age. The infants were stratified into groups by the severity of medical complications. Bayley Scales of Infant Development were performed at 24 months corrected age. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the association between feeding milestones, medical complications, and developmental outcomes. Our results show that when controlling for birth weight and gestational age (GA), the severity of respiratory complications was significantly related to reaching F_EF (p=0.024) and F_NF (p=0.0014). Furthermore, when controlling for the severity of respiratory complications, GA, and socioeconomic status, an increased length of time to F_NF was significantly associated with a poorer mental outcome (p=0.0013). We conclude that there is an association between the length of time to reach F_NF and mental developmental outcome at 24 months corrected age. Infants who reach full enteral feedings at an earlier age appear to have a better developmental outcome despite their GA and severity of respiratory complications.

Clinical Pediatrics, Vol. 38, No. 8, 451-457 (1999)
DOI: 10.1177/000992289903800802


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