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Clinical Pediatrics
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The Plantar Response in Normal Newborn Infants

Margaret E. Jaynes, MD

Monique K. Gingold, MD

Department of Neurology; Department of Pediatrics, Health Science Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia

Ashley Hupp

Martha D. Mullett, MD

Department of Pediatrics, Health Science Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia

John B. Bodensteiner, MD

Department of Neurology, Health Science Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia; Department of Pediatrics, Health Science Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia

The neonatal plantar response has been reported as extensor in 90% of newborns and flexor in 93% of newborns, leading to uncertainty about its reliability and significance. To determine the normal neonatal plantar response we examined 349 healthy newborn infants, >32 weeks gestation within 24 hours of birth. A supramaximal noxious stimulus was applied in a standardized manner to the lateral plantar surface of each foot. The plantar response was extensor in 90%, equivocal in 7%, and flexor in 3%. With proper physiologic technique, the normal neonatal plantar response is extensor.

Clinical Pediatrics, Vol. 36, No. 11, 649-651 (1997)
DOI: 10.1177/000992289703601106
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Home page
 J Child NeurolHome page
D. I. Zafeiriou, I. G. Tsikoulas, G. M. Kremenopoulos, and E. E. Kontopoulos
Plantar Response Profile of High-Risk Infants at One Year of Life
J Child Neurol, August 1, 1999; 14(8): 514 - 517.
[Abstract] [PDF]