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Alternative Methods of Reproduction

Effects on the Child

Burton Z. Sokoloff, MD, FAAP

Department of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California

Artificial donor insemination (DI), surrogate parenting, in vitro fertilization, and embryo transfer are alternative methods of reproduction being utilized with increasing frequency. Technological developments are being studied in detail. Because of the secrecy inherent in the families involved, there has been little written describing the emotional and psychological well-being of the participants. Significant factors, such as unlimited pregnancies per donor, lack of recordkeeping of the genetic background of each insemination, need for psychological counseling of the parents, the impact of the "family secret" of the pregnancy, and the well-being of the offspring, have not been adequately addressed. There has been little effort to make use of our experience in adoption in relation to many of these same areas. No medical guidelines or legislation exist. The inherent problems associated with these parenting methods and practices are discussed along with recommendations for improvement.

Clinical Pediatrics, Vol. 26, No. 1, 11-17 (1987)
DOI: 10.1177/000992288702600101
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M. L. Sanschagrin, E. B. Humber, C. Cumming Speirs, and S. Duder
A Survey of Quebec Pediatricians' Attitudes Toward Donor Insemination
Clinical Pediatrics, April 1, 1993; 32(4): 226 - 230.
[Abstract] [PDF]