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Clinical Pediatrics
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Hypernatremic Dehydration in Infants with Gastroenteritis

Faisal A. Khuffash

From the Department of Pediatrics, Kuwait University, Kuwait

Hassan A. Majeed

From the Department of Pediatrics, Kuwait University, Kuwait

Of 1045 children admitted with gastroenteritis over a 12-month period and studied retrospectively, serum sodium level was tested in 802. Sixty patients (7.5%) had hypernatremic dehydration (HD). The peak incidence of HD, the highest serum sodium levels, and the worst outcome were all encountered in infants under the age of 3 months. An association with pre-admission high solute feeding was less obvious. Pre-admission volume intake could not be evaluated. There was no association of HD with the etiological pathogen or climatic conditions. The weight-for-age was below the fifth percentile in 21 patients (35%). One patient (1.7%) died, another (1.7%) developed peripheral gangrene, and four (6.7%) were left with significant neurologic complications. All of these patients were under the age of 4 months.

In this subtropical country, the most important risk factor for the development of hypernatremia in the course of gastroenteritis is the young age. Environmental risk factors do not seem to play a significant role.

Clinical Pediatrics, Vol. 23, No. 5, 255-258 (1984)
DOI: 10.1177/000992288402300501
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F. A. Khuffash, S. K. Sethi, and A. A. Shaltout
Acute Gastroenteritis: Clinical Features According to Etiologic Agents
Clinical Pediatrics, August 1, 1988; 27(8): 365 - 368.
[Abstract] [PDF]