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Clinical Pediatrics
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Behavior Modification Therapy in Hyperactive Children

Research and Clinical Implications

Mark L. Wolraich, M.D.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242

One hundred fifty-seven studies employing behavior modification in the management of hyperactive and disruptive children were reviewed. The studies were analyzed against standards of scientific validity. The review found: (1) behavior modification was effective in alleviating problem behaviors; (2) token programs were the most commonly used; (3) both positive reinforce ment and punishment were effective; positive reinforcement, however, had the advantage of improving self-esteem; (4) behavioral problems occurring in the home most likely require a home-based program; (5) behavior modification and stimulant medication can be used simultaneously, often with additive effects; and (6) long-term benefits beyond one year have not been assessed.

Clinical Pediatrics, Vol. 18, No. 9, 563-570 (1979)
DOI: 10.1177/000992287901800909
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